IPv4 & IPv6 Addressing and Routing Foundation
IPv4 Addressing IPv4 addresses are 32 bits and presented in 4 octets separated by a dot. Addresses must be unique, else traffic destined to one host address could end up at another host. IPv4 address is made up a subnet and host address. Before communicating which [...]
MPLS Packet flow
MPLS labeled packet flow Once LDP protocol has established a session and labels are distributed. How is a packet switched from ingress LSR to destination Egress LSR ? Using below topology and an actual lab, let's follow the process hop by hop. Validation [...]
MPLS Basics
MPLS introduction & Basic configuration Multi protocol labels switching (MPLS) uses labels to forward packets, instead of traditional routing. Alternatively to having each router looking up the destination in each packet's header and forwarding it to the next hop, routers can simply switch [...]